Laravel - 面向 Web Artisan 的 PHP 框架

构建和交付
使用专为
提高生产力而打造的工具构建软件

Laravel 为 Web 工匠提供完整的生态系统。我们的开源 PHP 框架、产品、软件包和入门套件提供构建、部署和监控 Web 应用程序所需的一切。

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生态系统

一个拥有强大生态系统的 PHP 框架

Laravel 开箱即用，为所有现代 Web 应用程序所需的常用功能提供了优雅的解决方案。我们的第一方软件包为特定问题提供主观的解决方案，因此您无需重新发明轮子。

构建

Laravel PHP 框架

Starter Kit 专为 Vue 构建

Socialite 社交身份验证

Echo 监听 WebSocket 事件

Sail 本地 Docker 开发

部署

Cloud 完全托管的部署和托管

监控

Nightwatch 一流的监控和日志

后端

代码不言自明

简洁、优雅的语法驱动惊人的功能。每个功能都经过深思熟虑，旨在创造周到且有凝聚力的开发体验。

身份验证

1向您的 Laravel 路由添加身份验证中间件

                                                    1Route::get('/profile', ProfileController::class)
2   ->middleware('auth');

Route::get('/profile', ProfileController::class)
   ->middleware('auth');

2您可以通过 Auth facade 访问已验证的用户

                                                    1use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Auth;
2 
3$user = Auth::user();

use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Auth;

$user = Auth::user();

阅读身份验证文档

授权

1为您的模型定义策略

                                                    1public function update(User $user, Post $post): Response
2{
3    return $user->id === $post->user_id
4                ? Response::allow()
5                : Response::deny('You do not own this post.');
6}

public function update(User $user, Post $post): Response
{
    return $user->id === $post->user_id
                ? Response::allow()
                : Response::deny('You do not own this post.');
}

2通过 Gate facade 使用策略

                                                    1Gate::authorize('update', $post);

Gate::authorize('update', $post);

阅读授权文档

Eloquent

1为您的数据库表定义模型

                                                     1<?php
 2 
 3namespace App\Models;
 4 
 5use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Model;
 6 
 7class Flight extends Model
 8{
 9    // ...
10}

<?php

namespace App\Models;

use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Model;

class Flight extends Model
{
    // ...
}

2使用 Eloquent 从数据库检索记录

                                                    1use App\Models\Flight;
2 
3foreach (Flight::all() as $flight) {
4    echo $flight->name;
5}

use App\Models\Flight;

foreach (Flight::all() as $flight) {
    echo $flight->name;
}

阅读 Eloquent 文档

迁移

1为您的数据库表创建迁移

                                                    1php artisan make:migration create_posts_table --create=posts

php artisan make:migration create_posts_table --create=posts

2在您的迁移文件中定义架构

                                                     1class CreatePostsTable extends Migration
 2{
 3    public function up()
 4    {
 5        Schema::create('posts', function (Blueprint $table) {
 6            $table->id();
 7            $table->string('title');
 8            $table->text('content');
 9            $table->foreignId('user_id')->constrained()->onDelete('cascade');
10            $table->timestamps();
11        });
12    }
13}

class CreatePostsTable extends Migration
{
    public function up()
    {
        Schema::create('posts', function (Blueprint $table) {
            $table->id();
            $table->string('title');
            $table->text('content');
            $table->foreignId('user_id')->constrained()->onDelete('cascade');
            $table->timestamps();
        });
    }
}

阅读迁移文档

验证

1在您的控制器中定义验证规则

                                                    1public function store(Request $request)
2{
3    $validated = $request->validate([
4        'title' => 'required|max:255',
5        'content' => 'required',
6        'email' => 'required|email',
7    ]);
8}

public function store(Request $request)
{
    $validated = $request->validate([
        'title' => 'required|max:255',
        'content' => 'required',
        'email' => 'required|email',
    ]);
}

2在您的视图中处理验证错误

                                                    1@if ($errors->any())
2    <div class="alert alert-danger">
3        <ul>
4            @foreach ($errors->all() as $error)
5                <li>{{ $error }}</li>
6            @endforeach
7        </ul>
8    </div>
9@endif

@if ($errors->any())
    <div class="alert alert-danger">
        <ul>
            @foreach ($errors->all() as $error)
                <li>{{ $error }}</li>
            @endforeach
        </ul>
    </div>
@endif

阅读验证文档

通知和邮件

1定义通知内容

                                                     1class PostCreated extends Notification
 2{
 3    public function via()
 4    {
 5        return ['mail', 'database']; // Send via mail and store in database
 6    }
 7 
 8    public function toMail($notifiable)
 9    {
10        return (new MailMessage)
11            ->subject('New Post Created')
12            ->line('A new post has been created: ' . $this->post->title)
13            ->action('View Post', url('/posts/' . $this->post->id))
14            ->line('Thank you for using our application!');
15    }
16}

class PostCreated extends Notification
{
    public function via()
    {
        return ['mail', 'database']; // Send via mail and store in database
    }

    public function toMail($notifiable)
    {
        return (new MailMessage)
            ->subject('New Post Created')
            ->line('A new post has been created: ' . $this->post->title)
            ->action('View Post', url('/posts/' . $this->post->id))
            ->line('Thank you for using our application!');
    }
}

2向用户发送通知

                                                    1public function store(Request $request)
2{
3    $post = Post::create($request->all());
4 
5    $request->user()->notify(new PostCreated($post));
6}

public function store(Request $request)
{
    $post = Post::create($request->all());

    $request->user()->notify(new PostCreated($post));
}

阅读通知和邮件文档

文件存储

1配置您的文件系统

                                                    1FILESYSTEM_DRIVER=s3

FILESYSTEM_DRIVER=s3

2在您的控制器中处理文件上传

                                                    1public function store(Request $request)
2{
3    if ($request->hasFile('image')) {
4        $path = $request->file('image')->store('images', 'public');
5    }
6}

public function store(Request $request)
{
    if ($request->hasFile('image')) {
        $path = $request->file('image')->store('images', 'public');
    }
}

阅读文件存储文档

作业队列

1定义作业逻辑

                                                    1class ProcessPost implements ShouldQueue
2{
3    public function handle()
4    {
5        $this->post->update([
6            'rendered_content' => Str::markdown($this->post->content)
7        ]);
8    }
9}

class ProcessPost implements ShouldQueue
{
    public function handle()
    {
        $this->post->update([
            'rendered_content' => Str::markdown($this->post->content)
        ]);
    }
}

2从您的控制器调度作业

                                                    1public function store(Request $request)
2{
3    $post = Post::create($request->all());
4 
5    ProcessPost::dispatch($post);
6}

public function store(Request $request)
{
    $post = Post::create($request->all());

    ProcessPost::dispatch($post);
}

阅读队列文档

任务调度

1定义命令逻辑

                                                     1class SendEmails extends Command
 2{
 3    protected $signature = 'emails:send';
 4 
 5    protected $description = 'Send scheduled emails';
 6 
 7    public function handle()
 8    {
 9        // Send your emails...
10    }
11}

class SendEmails extends Command
{
    protected $signature = 'emails:send';

    protected $description = 'Send scheduled emails';

    public function handle()
    {
        // Send your emails...
    }
}

2调度任务

                                                    1Schedule::command('emails:send')->daily();

Schedule::command('emails:send')->daily();

阅读任务调度文档

测试

1使用 Pest 编写您的测试

                                                     1it('can create a post', function () {
 2    $response = $this->post('/posts', [
 3        'title' => 'Test Post',
 4        'content' => 'This is a test post content.',
 5    ]);
 6 
 7    $response->assertStatus(302);
 8 
 9    $this->assertDatabaseHas('posts', [
10        'title' => 'Test Post',
11    ]);
12});

it('can create a post', function () {
    $response = $this->post('/posts', [
        'title' => 'Test Post',
        'content' => 'This is a test post content.',
    ]);

    $response->assertStatus(302);

    $this->assertDatabaseHas('posts', [
        'title' => 'Test Post',
    ]);
});

2在命令行上运行测试

                                                    1php artisan test

php artisan test

阅读测试文档

事件和 WebSockets

1创建您的事件

                                                     1class PostCreated implements ShouldBroadcast
 2{
 3    use Dispatchable, SerializesModels;
 4 
 5    public $post;
 6 
 7    public function __construct(Post $post)
 8    {
 9        $this->post = $post;
10    }
11}

class PostCreated implements ShouldBroadcast
{
    use Dispatchable, SerializesModels;

    public $post;

    public function __construct(Post $post)
    {
        $this->post = $post;
    }
}

2在您的控制器中调度事件

                                                    1public function store(Request $request)
2{
3    $post = Post::create($request->all());
4 
5    PostCreated::dispatch($post);
6}

public function store(Request $request)
{
    $post = Post::create($request->all());

    PostCreated::dispatch($post);
}

3在您的 JavaScript 文件中，监听事件

                                                    1Echo.channel("posts." + postId).listen("PostCreated", (e) => {
2    console.log("Post created:", e.post);
3});

Echo.channel("posts." + postId).listen("PostCreated", (e) => {
    console.log("Post created:", e.post);
});

阅读事件文档

前端

适用于任何技术栈的前端

无论您喜欢传统的 PHP 后端、使用 Laravel Livewire 的现代前端，还是对 React 和 Vue 百用不厌，Laravel 都使您能够在极短的时间内交付高度完善且可维护的应用程序。

                                                     1class UserController
 2{
 3    public function index()
 4    {
 5        $users = User::active()
 6            ->orderByName()
 7            ->get(['id', 'name', 'email']);
 8 
 9        return Inertia::render('Users', [
10            'users' => $users,
11        ]);
12    }
13}

class UserController
{
    public function index()
    {
        $users = User::active()
            ->orderByName()
            ->get(['id', 'name', 'email']);

        return Inertia::render('Users', [
            'users' => $users,
        ]);
    }
}

                                                     1export default ({ users }) => {
 2    return (
 3        <div>
 4            <h1>Users</h1>
 5            <ul>
 6                {users.map((user) => (
 7                    <li key={user.id}>{user.name}</li>
 8                ))}
 9            </ul>
10        </div>
11    );
12};

export default ({ users }) => {
    return (
        <div>
            <h1>Users</h1>
            <ul>
                {users.map((user) => (
                    <li key={user.id}>{user.name}</li>
                ))}
            </ul>
        </div>
    );
};

Inertia

现代巨石应用

Laravel Inertia 为您的 Laravel 体验增添动力，并与 React、Vue 和 Svelte 无缝协作。Inertia 处理后端和前端之间的路由和数据传输，无需构建 API 或维护两组路由。

阅读 Inertia 文档

                                                     1class Counter extends Component
 2{
 3    public $count = 1;
 4 
 5    public function increment()
 6    {
 7        $this->count++;
 8    }
 9 
10    public function decrement()
11    {
12        $this->count--;
13    }
14 
15    public function render()
16    {
17        return view('livewire.counter');
18    }
19}

class Counter extends Component
{
    public $count = 1;

    public function increment()
    {
        $this->count++;
    }

    public function decrement()
    {
        $this->count--;
    }

    public function render()
    {
        return view('livewire.counter');
    }
}

                                                    1<div>
2    <h1>{{ $count }}</h1>
3 
4    <button wire:click="increment">+</button>
5 
6    <button wire:click="decrement">-</button>
7</div>

<div>
    <h1>{{ $count }}</h1>

    <button wire:click="increment">+</button>

    <button wire:click="decrement">-</button>
</div>

Livewire

超能力 Blade

Laravel Livewire 通过将动态、响应式界面直接引入您的 Blade 模板，从而改变您的 Laravel 应用程序。Livewire 无缝地弥合了服务器端渲染和客户端交互之间的差距，使您能够在 Laravel 的舒适环境中创建现代、交互式组件。

阅读 Livewire 文档

                                                    1Route::get('/api/user', function (Request $request) {
2    return $request->user();
3})->middleware('auth:sanctum');

Route::get('/api/user', function (Request $request) {
    return $request->user();
})->middleware('auth:sanctum');